Sunday 14 September 1941

Soviet bombers attacked the military port facility in Helsinki on September 14, 1941. The raid caused this explosion.

Eastern Front: The Wehrmacht began Operation Barbarossa on 22 June 1941 with a strength of over 3 million men. However, its units have taken significant casualties to go along with massive territorial gains. On 14 September 1941, OKH Chief of Staff Franz Halder sets forth in his daily war diary the true state of the German Army (Heer) in the East.

Halder notes that the army has an "average actual strength" of 3.4 million men. Naturally, with an army that large, a large proportion of the army is devoted to logistical support and is not on the front lines.

Halder sets forth figures for the entire army:

• 11,125 officers and 328,713 others wounded
• 4,396 officers and 93,625 others killed
• 387 officers and 21,265 others missing.

The total for all war-related (and not medical) casualties is:

• 15,908 officers and 443,603 others
• A total of 459,511 total casualties.

Halder calculates this as 13.5% of the Eastern Army that has been killed, wounded, or is missing.

A Denver caboose train car, 14 September 1941 (Otto Perry, Denver Public Library).

Halder does not end there. He also gives figures for the tank strength of General Guderian's Panzer Group 2, which has led the way for Army Group Center and now has a critical mission to encircle Kyiv:

• Third Armored Division 20% fit and 80% lost/under repair
• Fourth Armored Division 29% fit and 71% lost/under repair
• Seventeenth Armored Division 21% fit and 79% lost/under repair
• Eighteenth Armored Division 31% fit and 69% lost/under repair

Halder does not comment on the figures. However, he puts them right after a highly optimistic comment that:

There are some indications that the enemy might be passing to the defensive on the entire front. His aggressive effort on the central front has markedly decreased, but we have no evidence that he is moving elements out of the line to shift them to the south.

The casualty figures are not alarming at first glance. Operation Barbarossa has been going on for almost three months, and one must expect losses in a hard-fought campaign. However, this was supposed to be an easy campaign, a "kick the rotten door in and take over" campaign as Hitler said. It is not turning out that way.

Several Royal Canadian Air Force Band members in Halifax, September 14, 1941 (Canadian Museum of Immigration).

However, from a larger perspective, the Heer's casualty figures are alarming. The war in the East was supposed to be easy, and by the most optimistic projections, it already was supposed to be over. However, none of the three German Army Groups has achieved its objective yet. While Leningrad is all but encircled, it shows no signs of yielding. Kyiv is close to being captured, but there are a million Soviet troops defending it and subduing them will take some time. Moscow remains far off the Army Group Center front and an entire campaign will be necessary just to approach it.

Looking at the details also shows some warning signs. It may accurately be said that the German panzer divisions are the greatest offensive weapon in the world. However, while the front-line forces of the Heer are broad, they are not deep. The Germans have their best forces at the front and maintain few reserves. A loss of efficiency of the panzer arm inevitably must slow the entire German offensive. General Guderian's have lost about 75% of their effective strength and their most important battles remain to be fought.

A crowd gathers at 10th & U Street NW on Sunday, September 14, 1941. The crowd of about 2000 people is there to protest police brutality in Washington, D.C. Specifically, they are protesting the recent deaths of four African-Americans at the hands of police. The signs include slogans such as "Old Jim Crow Has Got To Go," "Protect Our Civil Rights," and "Police Brutality is a Disgrace to the Nation's Capital." (Source: D.C. Public Library).

Another unwelcome development from the German perspective is the sudden appearance of RAF Hurricanes flying from Vaenga in the Far North of Russia. There are two squadrons, Nos. 81 and 134, which arrived at Archangel on 7 September 1941. The Hurricane pilots attack the German Stuka dive bombers which heretofore have had little opposition. Stukas are no match for Hurricanes and this greatly inhibits their assistance to the army's attacks on Soviet defenses.

For what was supposed to be a quick and easy campaign, the Eastern Front is turning into an endless quagmire.

On 14 September 1941, Reich Minister Dr. Dorpmüller, Reich Minister Todt, and the Danish Minister of Public Works Gunnar Larsen attend a groundbreaking ceremony for a new bridge over the Fehmarn Sound in Denmark. It is the "Vogelfluglinie." Due to the war and subsequent political divisions, the Vogelfluglinie will not be completed until 1963. (Federal Archive Figure 183-L20175).

2020